How to Solve Quadratic Equation
Published On: 26-11-2025
Quadratic Equation: Definition, Formulas, Short Tricks, Solved Examples & Exam Importance
Quadratic Equations are one of the most important topics for competitive exams like SSC, Banking, Railways, State PSC, and defence exams. Almost every exam includes 2-4 questions from this chapter, making it a high-scoring area if you learn the formulas, tricks, and patterns properly.
This blog explains the concept in a simple way and gives you formulas, shortcuts, solved examples, common mistakes, and how PrepUpTime helps you master this topic.
What Is a Quadratic Equation?
A quadratic equation is a polynomial equation of degree 2.
Standard form:
ax² + bx + c = 0
Where:
a, b, c are real numbers
a ≠ 0 (because then it won’t be quadratic)
The solutions of the equation are called roots.
Quadratic Equation Formula
This is the most important formula:
x = (-b ± √(b² - 4ac)) / (2a)
The term D = b² - 4ac is called the discriminant.
Meaning of discriminant:
D > 0 → roots are real and distinct
D = 0 → roots are real and equal
D < 0 → roots are imaginary
This helps you understand the type of solutions quickly.
Sum and Product of Roots
If α and β are roots, then:
α + β = -b / a
αβ = c / a
These formulas are very important for shortcut-based questions.
What Are the 5 Methods of Solving a Quadratic Equation?
Factorization method
Quadratic formula method
Completing the square method
Graphical method
Using sum & product of roots
These five methods cover every type of exam question.
How to Solve a Quadratic Equation (Step-by-Step)
1. Factorization Method (Fastest for exams)
Multiply a × c
Split the middle term b
Factor the expression
Solve each factor = 0
2. Quadratic Formula Method
Use when numbers are difficult or factorization is not possible.
x = (-b ± √(b² - 4ac)) / (2a)
3. Completing the Square
Useful for conceptual questions but rarely used in competitive exams.
4. Substitution / Using Options (Best for MCQ)
Simply put options into the equation and check which one satisfies it.
5. Sum & Product of Roots Method
Used when the question asks for relationships between roots.
Short Tricks for Quadratic Equations
Trick 1: Check the Discriminant
If b² - 4ac is a perfect square → roots are integers → use fast factorization.
Trick 2: Use Sum and Product
If they ask:
"Find α + β or αβ"
You don’t need to solve the full equation.
Trick 3: Use Options in MCQs
Put option values directly into ax² + bx + c = 0.
Solved Examples of Quadratic Equation
Example 1: Solve x² - 7x + 12 = 0
Step 1: Multiply a × c = 1 × 12 = 12
Step 2: Split -7 as -3 and -4
Because: (-3 × -4 = 12) and (-3 + -4 = -7)
Write factors:
(x - 3)(x - 4) = 0
Roots:
x = 3, 4
Example 2: Solve 2x² + 5x - 3 = 0
a = 2, b = 5, c = -3
Discriminant:
D = 5² - 4×2×(-3)
D = 25 + 24 = 49
Quadratic Formula:
x = (-5 ± √49) / 4
x = (-5 ± 7) / 4
Roots:
x = (2/4) = 1/2
x = (-12/4) = -3
Final Answer:
x = 1/2 and x = -3
Common Errors to Avoid
Splitting the middle term incorrectly
Sign mistakes during factorization
Wrong calculation of discriminant
Forgetting that a cannot be zero
Dividing incorrectly in the final step
Mixing up ± in the quadratic formula
Why Quadratic Equations Are Important for Competitive Exams
Always asked (2-4 questions per exam)
Easy scoring topic
Helps in algebra, number system & word problems
Tests both speed and accuracy
Useful for advanced maths topics
Mastering this topic gives you a strong advantage.
How PrepUpTime Helps You Master Quadratic Equations
PrepUpTime provides:
Topic-Wise Practice Tests
Special tests for quadratic equations with easy to advanced levels.
PYQs with Solutions
Get repeated patterns from SSC, Banking, Railways, and other exams.
Full-Length Mock Tests
Practice in real exam format to improve accuracy and speed. Attempt Full-Length Mock Test for SSC
Detailed Solutions
Every quadratic equation question is explained with steps and shortcuts.
Performance Analytics
Track your strong and weak areas to improve efficiently.
With continuous practice on PrepUpTime, Quadratic Equations become one of the simplest scoring areas.
FAQs
1. What is the quadratic equation formula?
x = (-b ± √(b² - 4ac)) / (2a)
2. What are the five methods of solving a quadratic equation?
Factorization, Quadratic Formula, Completing the Square, Graphical Method, and Sum & Product of Roots.
3. Which is the fastest method for competitive exams?
Factorization + Using Options.
4. What is the discriminant?
D = b² - 4ac
5. How does PrepUpTime help with quadratic equations?
Through topic tests, PYQs, detailed solutions, analytics, and full mock tests.