How to Solve Speed Distance and Time Questions for Competitive Exams
Published On: 19-11-2025
How to Solve Speed, Distance, and Time Questions for Competitive Exams - Complete Guide
Speed, Distance, and Time (often called SDT) is one of the most scoring chapters in quantitative aptitude across major competitive exams such as SSC, Banking, Railways, Defence, UPSC, State PSC, and Teaching exams. Questions from this topic appear in various forms-direct formula-based questions, relative speed, trains, boats and streams, circular tracks, or average speed.
Understanding how to solve speed distance time questions for competitive exams is essential because these questions are not only predictable but also easy to master with structured practice. The key skill lies in learning core formulas, applying them correctly, and practicing multiple variations through PYQs and mock tests.
This detailed guide covers everything you need to master speed distance time questions for competitive exams-concepts, formulas, shortcuts, solved examples, common traps, and exam strategies.
What Are Speed, Distance, and Time Questions?
At their core, SDT questions revolve around the relationship:
Speed = Distance ÷ Time
Distance = Speed × Time
Time = Distance ÷ Speed
These questions test:
Logical reasoning
Unit conversion skills
Understanding of motion
Ability to apply formulas under time pressure
Competitive exams rarely ask direct formula-based questions. Instead, they use conceptual variations such as:
Trains crossing poles or platforms
Boats moving in streams
Runners on circular tracks
Vehicles meeting or overtaking
Multiple journeys involving rest or stoppages
Average speed over multiple segments
Motion in opposite or same directions
That’s why practicing different formats of speed time and distance questions is necessary.
Core Formulas You Must Know
Below are formulas used most frequently in speed distance time questions for competitive exam tests.
1. Basic Formula
Speed = Distance / Time
Distance = Speed × Time
Time = Distance / Speed
2. Unit Conversions (Very Important)
To convert:
km/h → m/s = multiply by 5/18
m/s → km/h = multiply by 18/5
You must also know standard values:
36 km/h = 10 m/s
54 km/h = 15 m/s
18 km/h = 5 m/s
These save time in exams.
3. Relative Speed
Used when two objects move toward or away from each other.
Same direction:
Relative speed = Difference of speeds
Opposite direction:
Relative speed = Sum of speeds
4. Train Formulas
If a train of length L moves with speed S, then:
Crossing a pole:
Time = L / S
Crossing a platform of length P:
Time = (L + P) / S
Crossing another train:
Add both lengths
5. Boats & Streams
Downstream speed = Boat speed + Stream speed
Upstream speed = Boat speed – Stream speed
Boat speed (Still water) = (Downstream + Upstream) ÷ 2
Stream speed = (Downstream – Upstream) ÷ 2
6. Average Speed
1. When the distance is the same in both parts of the journey:
Average speed = (2 × Speed1 × Speed2) ÷ (Speed1 + Speed2)
Example:
If you go at 40 km/h and return at 60 km/h,
Average speed = (2 × 40 × 60) ÷ (40 + 60)
2. When the distances are different:
Average speed = Total Distance ÷ Total Time
Example:
If you travel 100 km in 2 hours and 50 km in 1 hour,
Total distance = 150 km
Total time = 3 hours
Average speed = 150 ÷ 3 = 50 km/h
7. Circular Track Problems
If two people run in:
Same direction → use (difference of speeds)
Opposite direction → use (sum of speeds)
Distance for one meeting depends on circumference.
How to Solve Speed Distance Time Questions for Competitive Exams: Step-by-Step Method
Step 1: Identify the Type of Question
Check whether it's a:
Train question
Boat–stream question
Relative speed
Average speed
Simple SDT
Circular track
Step 2: Convert Units Properly
Always make sure units match:
km with hours
meters with seconds
Unit mistakes are the biggest reason for wrong answers.
Step 3: Apply Correct Formula Based on Type
Each question type has a dedicated approach.
Step 4: Use a Shortcut if Applicable
Many SDT variations have shortcuts or proportional relationships.
Step 5: Cross-check Common Trap Elements
Exams often hide:
Resting time
Return journeys
Different speeds on up/down journeys
Length of object (train/platform)
Detailed Solved Examples (High-Value for Exams)
Below are highly detailed explanations so you understand the logic behind each type.
Example 1: Basic SDT Problem
Question:
A car covers 240 km in 4 hours. What is its speed?
Solution:
Speed = Distance ÷ Time = 240 ÷ 4 = 60 km/h
Example 2: Unit Conversion Question
Question:
Convert 72 km/h to m/s.
Solution:
72 × (5/18) = 20 m/s
Example 3: Train Crossing Pole
Question:
A train 200 m long runs at 54 km/h. How long to cross a pole?
Step 1: Convert speed
54 × (5/18) = 15 m/s
Step 2: Time = Distance ÷ Speed = 200 ÷ 15 = 13.33 seconds
Example 4: Train Crossing Platform
Question:
A train 150 m long crosses a platform 350 m long in 20 seconds. Find speed.
Total Distance: 150 + 350 = 500 m
Speed = Distance ÷ Time = 500 ÷ 20 = 25 m/s
Convert to km/h: 25 × (18/5) = 90 km/h
Example 5: Average Speed (Equal Distances)
Question:
A man travels 60 km at 40 km/h and returns 60 km at 60 km/h. What is average speed?
Use formula: (2ab)/(a + b)
= (2 × 40 × 60) / (40 + 60)
= 4800 / 100
= 48 km/h
Example 6: Boats and Streams
Question:
A boat’s downstream speed is 15 km/h and upstream speed is 9 km/h.
Find boat speed.
Boat speed = (15 + 9) ÷ 2 = 12 km/h
Stream speed = (15 – 9) ÷ 2 = 3 km/h
Example 7: Circular Track Meeting Problem
Question:
Two runners move on a circular track of 300 m circumference.
Speed: 5 m/s and 3 m/s.
When will they meet?
In opposite direction:
Relative speed = 5 + 3 = 8 m/s
Time = Distance ÷ Speed = 300 ÷ 8 = 37.5 seconds
Example 8: Relative Speed Meeting
Question:
Two cars start 180 km apart and move toward each other at 60 km/h and 30 km/h. Time to meet?
Relative speed = 60 + 30 = 90 km/h
Time = 180 ÷ 90 = 2 hours
Most Common Mistakes Students Make
Mixing units (km with meters)
Forgetting to convert train speed
Not adding lengths in train questions
Using wrong formula for average speed
Confusing upstream/downstream logic
Assuming distances are equal when they are not
Avoiding these mistakes improves accuracy by 30–40%.
How to Practice Speed Time and Distance Questions
To master how to solve speed distance time questions for competitive exams, follow this routine:
1. Practice 20–30 basic questions
Build fundamental clarity.
2. Attempt PYQs from last 5–10 years
Identify patterns and variation types.
3. Solve mixed quizzes
Train your brain to identify question type instantly.
4. Take timed mock tests
This builds actual exam stamina.
Exam Strategy for SDT Questions
Read the question carefully-don’t rush
Identify exact type (train, boat, average speed, etc.)
Convert units immediately
Write formula on rough sheet
Substitute values carefully
Re-check calculation if time permits
SDT questions often appear early in the quant section because they’re considered “quick-win” questions by examiners.
FAQs
Q1. How to solve speed distance time questions fast?
Memorize formulas, practice unit conversions, and solve PYQs to increase speed.
Q2. Which exams include SDT questions?
SSC, Banking, Railways, Defence, State PSC, and many other government exams.
Q3. Are SDT questions difficult?
No. With enough practice, these are among the easiest.
Q4. What are the most common SDT variations?
Trains, boats & streams, circular tracks, relative speed, and average speed.
Q5. How many SDT questions come in exams?
Typically 2-5 depending on the exam.
Conclusion
Speed, Distance, and Time is one of the easiest and most scoring topics in competitive exams. When you understand the basic formulas, practice different variations, and solve enough PYQs, you will be able to answer these questions quickly and accurately. To continue improving, explore more quantitative aptitude practice tests, check our previous year question papers, and try our chapter wise mock tests to strengthen your preparation even further. You can also read related topics like Average Questions, Time and Work, and Train Problems to build complete command over quant. Check out other important mock tests on PrepUpTime to strengthen your exam practice. Try it now.